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IRS Issues Transition Tax Compliance Campaign

On November 4, 2019, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced a new Large Business and International (LB&I) compliance campaign regarding Section’s 965 transition tax under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). This is one of several dozen compliance campaigns that LB&I has announced since the initial 13 campaigns were identified in 2017, and is part of LB&I’s larger goals of improving return selection, identifying issues representing a risk of noncompliance and making the greatest use of limited resources. We have written at length regarding the IRS’s campaigns. Click here for prior coverage of the IRS’s campaigns. This announcement comes just over a month after the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) issued a report questioning the effectiveness and efficiency of campaign issue selection. We wrote about the TIGTA report here. The IRS is presumably heeding TIGTA’s recommendation and is focused on Section 965 because of the substantial dollars associated with compliance. A list of all campaigns can be found here (the newest campaign is found under the tab “IRC 965”).

Section 965 was part of tax reform in the TCJA. It generally imposes a transition tax on a US shareholder’s pro rata share of accumulated earnings and profits of certain foreign corporations, as if those earnings had been repatriated to the US. The new campaign will focus examinations on US-based multinational companies’ 2017 and 2018 returns to ensure compliance with the transition tax in Section 965. The campaign will also provide technical assistance to IRS teams working on Section 965 issues, with a focus on identifying and addressing taxpayer populations with potential material compliance risk.

Practice Point: Multinational taxpayers should be mindful of this new campaign and aware of any compliance issues they may face. Taxpayers should be aware that returns selected for the transition tax campaign will also be examined for other material issues, especially those related to TCJA planning.




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Weekly IRS Roundup October 28 – November 1, 2019

Presented below is our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of October 28 – November 1, 2019.

October 30, 2019: The IRS issued an Action on Decision in which it recommended nonacquiesence in a franchise transfer case Greenteam Materials Recovery Facility PN v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2017-2012, which held that certain partnerships’ contracts qualified as franchises under section 1253 and were therefore entitled to capital-gains treatment. The IRS stated that both case law and the plain language of section 1253 provide that the sale or exchange of a franchise that is not otherwise a capital asset under section 1221 is not treated as the sale or exchange of a capital asset under section 1253(a) merely because the transferor does not retain any significant power, right, or continuing interest in the franchise.

October 31, 2019: The IRS and the Department of the Treasury issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) announcing their intent to issue “more streamlined and targeted” proposed regulations regarding the treatment of certain interests in corporations as stock or indebtedness. The ANPRM indicates that the proposed regulations would substantially modify the funding rule and eliminate the per se application of the funding rule. Therefore, a debt instrument would not be treated as funding a distribution or economically similar transaction solely due to temporal proximity. The proposed regulations instead would apply the funding rule to a debt instrument only if its issuance has a sufficient factual connection to a distribution to a member of the taxpayer’s expanded group or an economically similar transaction. Thus, a debt instrument issued without such a connection to a distribution or similar transaction would not be treated as stock. The proposed regulations would apply only to tax years beginning on or after the date those rules are finalized. Public comments regarding the contemplated rules must be received by February 3, 2020.

October 31, 2019: The IRS released a Treasury Decision that removes the section 385 documentation regulations, which set forth minimum documentation requirements that ordinarily must be satisfied for certain related-party interests in a corporation to be treated as indebtedness for federal tax purposes. According to the Treasury Decision, it was “determined that the burdens imposed on taxpayers by the [documentation rules] outweigh the regulations’ intended benefits.” But Treasury and the IRS, however, continue to evaluate documentation-related issues, and may subsequently propose a substantially simplified and streamlined version with a prospective effective date.

November 1, 2019: The IRS released its weekly list of written determinations (e.g., Private Letter Rulings, Technical Advice Memorandums and Chief Counsel Advice).

Special thanks to Robbie Alipour and Jenni Saperstein in our Chicago office for this week’s roundup.




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Weekly IRS Roundup October 21 – 25, 2019

Presented below is our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of October 21 – 25, 2019.

October 21, 2019: The IRS issued a news release in which it announced the launch of its second annual International Charity Fraud Awareness Week. The IRS joined an international coalition to raise awareness and share practices to help charities and other not-for-profit organizations avoid fraud and stop financial crime. The campaign features an online hub where counter-fraud experts can share webinars, help sheets and case studies.

October 22, 2019: The IRS provided procedures to Chief Counsel attorneys for working and coordinating cases with issues involving virtual currency, including digital assets, digital currency, crypto-assets, and cryptocurrency. Issues that involve virtual currency that are not addressed by Notice 2014-21 or other public guidance, and that involve novel issues or issues likely to attract national attention are required to be coordinated with the National Office.

 October 23, 2019: The IRS released a fact sheet in which it explained that certain tax treatments and employment tax rules can apply to family members working in the family business. The fact sheet stated that if spouses carry on a business together and share in its profits and losses, they may be partners whether or not they have a formal partnership agreement. It further explained how spouses can make a qualified joint venture election if they wish to avoid partnership status.

October 24, 2019: The IRS released two issue snapshots on self-dealing of Private Foundations involving the sale or exchange of property and on self-dealing of Private Foundations involving the lending of money or another extension of credit.

October 25, 2019: The IRS issued final regulations providing guidance on new information reporting obligations under section 6050Y related to reportable policy sales of life insurance contracts and payments of reportable death benefits. No reporting is required under section 6050Y for reportable policy sales made and reportable death benefits paid after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2019. The final regulations also provide guidance on the amount of death benefits excluded from gross income under section 101 following a reportable policy sale.  The final regulations affect parties involved in certain life insurance contract transactions, including reportable policy sales, transfers of life insurance contracts to foreign persons, and payments of reportable death benefits. The final regulations are scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on October 31, 2019.

October 25, 2019: The IRS released its weekly list of written determinations (e.g., Private Letter Rulings, Technical Advice Memorandums and Chief Counsel Advice).

Special thanks to Robbie Alipour and Jenni Saperstein in our Chicago office for this week’s roundup.




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Government Questions the Benefits of IRS Audit Campaigns

On September 28, 2019, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) issued a report titled Initial Compliance Results Warrant a More Data-Driven Approach to Campaign Issue Selection.

As the name of the report describes, the TIGTA analyzed whether the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audit campaigns were effective and efficiently administered. We have written at length regarding the IRS’s “campaign” methodology:

The report questions how the IRS selected the campaigns it has unleashed on taxpayers. Upon inspection, it appears that the IRS did not have a systematic approach to choosing which issue would become a campaign. Instead, the approach was seemingly ad hoc, and was open to employee suggestions instead of empirical analysis. The TGITA suggests that going forward the IRS use a more data-driven selection process for its campaigns. The idea would be to analyze where the IRS could get the biggest bang for its resource bucks in terms of dollars as well as compliance goals. Accordingly, the TGITA recommends the IRS adopt a formal process for selecting and prioritizing issues for campaigns, and the IRS use actionable metrics, based in part on compliance results, to select the most productive inventory.

Practice Point:  We have heard in the past that some campaigns were based on issues that revenue agents and other field personnel identified, but it was never clear whether the IRS was applying a systematic approach. We expect now that the IRS will be more mindful with its approach, focusing on issues with substantial dollars associated with them, and also where the IRS wants to ensure taxpayer compliance with the Internal Revenue Code.




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Weekly IRS Roundup October 14 – October 18, 2019

Presented below is our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of October 14 – October 18, 2019.

October 15, 2019: The IRS published a news release that discusses several tax benefits available to military families as part of National Work and Family Month.  

October 15, 2019: The IRS published guidance on corporate bond weighted average interest rates and the permissible range of interest rates used to calculate pension plan minimum funding for plan years beginning in October 2019. The IRS updated the yield curve and 24-month segment rates, the 30-year Treasury securities interest rates, and the minimum present value segment rates. 

October 16, 2019: The IRS released a Statistics of Income Bulletin. The statistics show how many Forms 709 were filed in 2018. The report also indicates the amount of gifts given by asset type and gender, including stocks, bonds, real estate, partnership and other business interests. 

October 16, 2019: The IRS published a statement on how it handles passport certifications for people with significant tax debt. In July, the IRS temporarily suspended passport certification procedures on passports for anyone who had a case open with the Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS). After initially agreeing to that request, the IRS has now reversed its position. The IRS has determined that a blanket, systemic exception for anyone with an open TAS case is overly broad and could undermine the effectiveness of the statute enacted by Congress in the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act to collect a seriously delinquent tax debt. 

October 18, 2019: The IRS published interim guidance on partnership audit procedures. The memorandum provides guidance for appeals employees on new case procedures for different phases of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (BBA) centralized partnership audit regime, including: (1) Early Election into BBA; (2) Administrative Adjustment Request; (3) Notice of Proposed Partnership Adjustment ; (4) Modification Disputes; and (5) Notice of Final Partnership Adjustment.

October 18, 2019: The IRS released its weekly list of written determinations (e.g., Private Letter Rulings, Technical Advice Memorandums and Chief Counsel Advice).

Special thanks to Robbie Alipour in our Chicago office for this week’s roundup.




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Weekly IRS Roundup October 7 – October 11, 2019

Presented below is our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of October 7 – October 11, 2019.

October 7, 2019: The IRS announced that taxpayers who requested the six-month filing extension should complete their tax returns and file on or before the October 15 deadline.

October 8, 2019: The Treasury and the IRS released the 2019–2020 Priority Guidance Plan that sets forth guidance priorities. This plan prioritizes implementation of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 115-97, 131 Stat. 2054 and of the Taxpayer First Act, Pub. L. 116-25, 133 Stat. 981, enacted on July 1, 2019. In addition, the 2019–2020 Priority Guidance Plan reflects the deregulatory policies and reforms described in Section 1 of Executive Order 13789 (April 21, 2017; 82 FR 19317) and Executive Order 13777 (February 24, 2017; 82 FR 12285).

October 9, 2019: The Treasury and the IRS published a correction to a notice of proposed rulemaking (REG-104870-18) that was published in the Federal Register on September 9, 2019. The proposed regulations cover the timing of an income inclusion under section 451 and reflect changes made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

October 9, 2019: The Treasury and the IRS published a notice of public hearing on proposed regulations, which cross-references temporary regulations under section 245A that limit the dividends received deduction available for certain dividends received from current or former controlled foreign corporations. The public hearing is being held on Friday, November 22, 2019. The IRS must receive outlines of the topics to be discussed at the public hearing by Monday, November 11, 2019.

October 9, 2019: The Treasury and the IRS issued proposed regulations that provide guidance on the tax consequences of the transition to the use of reference rates other than interbank offered rates (IBORs) in debt instruments and non-debt contracts. The proposed regulations address the possibility that an alteration of the terms of a debt instrument or a modification of the terms of other types of contracts to replace an IBOR to which the terms of the debt instrument or other contract refers with a new reference rate could result in the realization of income, deduction, gain, or loss for federal income tax purposes or could result in other tax consequences. The proposed regulations will affect parties to debt instruments and other contracts that reference an IBOR.

October 9, 2019:  The IRS issued guidance on the taxation of cryptocurrencies by releasing Rev. Proc. 2019-24 and Frequently Asked Questions on Virtual Currency Transactions. For a more detailed discussion of this guidance, see our post here. 

October 10, 2019: The IRS published draft instructions for Form 1040 and the new Form 1040-SR available to taxpayers age 65 and older.

October 11, 2019: The IRS published its nonacquiescence with GreenTeam Materials Recovery Facility PN v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2017-122 and, generally, indicated it will not follow the decision in disposing of cases involving other [...]

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Finally the IRS Clarifies Its Position on Cryptocurrency

It took five years, but the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has finally released some guidance on the taxation of cryptocurrencies! On October 9, 2019, the IRS released Revenue Ruling 2019-24 and several “frequently asked questions” (and answers) which deal with some (but not all) of the federal income tax issues involved with cryptocurrencies.

Over the years, we have reported on the issues involved with cryptocurrencies, including the potential controversies that have ensued because of a lack of guidance.

The new guidance is welcomed by tax professionals and taxpayers. The guidance adopts traditional tax principles to deal with some of the unique aspects of cryptocurrencies. For example, the guidance addresses the tax treatment of so-called “hard forks” and whether the value of the “fork” which is “airdropped” into the taxpayer’s wallet constitutes taxable income.

Practice Point: Cryptocurrencies are a brave new world for most of us. Having thoughtful, current guidance is helpful to tax professionals and taxpayers, and will (hopefully) lead to better and more efficient administration of our tax system.




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Weekly IRS Roundup September 30 – October 4, 2019

Presented below is our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of September 30 – October 4, 2019.

September 30, 2019: The IRS published a draft of the tax year 2019: (i) Form 1065, US Return of Partnership Income; (ii) its Schedule K-1, Partner’s Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc.; (iii) Form 1120-S, US Income Tax Return for an S Corporation; and (iv) its Schedule K-1, Shareholder’s Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc. The IRS intends the changes to the form and schedule to improve the quality of the information reported by partnerships both to the IRS and the partners of such entities and to improve the data available for the IRS’s compliance selection processes. This draft gives tax practitioners a preview of the changes and software providers the information they need to update systems before the final version of the updated forms and schedules are released in December. There is a limited window period (30 days) for taxpayers to provide comments on the forms to the IRS.

October 1, 2019: The Treasury and the IRS issued a revenue procedure that limits the inquiries required by US persons to determine whether certain foreign corporations are controlled foreign corporations. The revenue procedure also allows certain unrelated minority US shareholders to rely on specified financial statement information to calculate their subpart F and GILTI inclusions and satisfy reporting requirements with respect to certain CFCs if more detailed tax information is not available. It also provides penalty relief to taxpayers in the specified circumstances. The revenue procedure announces that the IRS intends to amend the instructions for Form 5471 to reduce the amount of information that certain unrelated minority US shareholders of the CFC are required to provide. It will also limit the filing requirements of US shareholders who only constructively own stock of the CFC solely due to downward attribution from another person.

October 2, 2019: The Treasury and the IRS released proposed regulations relating to the modification of section 958(b) by the TCJA. The proposed regulations provide relief to taxpayers affected by the repeal of section 958(b)(4), which provided that the downward attribution rules of section 318 were not to be applied so as to consider a United States person as owning stock owned by a foreign person. The regulations also propose modifications to existing regulations that are intended to ensure that the operation of certain rules is consistent with their application before the repeal of section 958(b)(4). The proposed regulations affect United States persons that have ownership interests in or that make or receive payments to or from certain foreign corporations. The modifications relate to the following: (i) section 267 (Deduction for Certain Payments to Foreign Related Persons); (ii) section 332 (Liquidation of Applicable Holding Company); (iii) section 367(a) (Triggering Event Exception for other Dispositions or Events under Treas. Reg. § 1.367(a)-8(k)(14)); (iv) section 672 (CFC’s Ownership of a Trust); (v) section 706 (Taxable Year of a Partnership); (vi) section 863 [...]

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Weekly IRS Roundup September 23 – 27, 2019

Presented below is our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of September 23 – 27, 2019.

September 24, 2019: The IRS issued a notice that provides a safe harbor under which a rental real estate enterprise will be treated as a trade or business for purposes of section 199A and the regulations thereunder. The IRS explained that if the safe harbor requirements are met, the rental real estate enterprise will be treated as a single trade or business as defined in section 199A(d) for purposes of applying the regulations under section 199A. Each rental real estate enterprise will be treated as a single trade or business if the following requirements are satisfied during the taxable year with respect to the rental real estate enterprise: (1) separate books and records are maintained to reflect income and expenses for each enterprise; (2) for enterprises in existence less than four years, 250 or more hours of rental services are performed per year; (3) taxpayer maintains contemporaneous records on hours of services performed, description of services, dates of services, and who performed such services; and (4) taxpayer attaches a statement with information such as a description of the properties, to a timely filed original return for each year in which the enterprise relies on the safe harbor. 

September 26, 2019: The Treasury and the IRS released proposed regulations that: (1) clarify the application of the employer shared responsibility provisions and certain nondiscrimination rules to reimbursement arrangements (HRAs) and other account-based group health plans integrated with individual health insurance coverage or Medicare (individual coverage HRAs); (2) provide certain safe harbors with respect to the application of those provisions to individual coverage HRAs; and (3) facilitate the adoption of individual coverage HRAs by employers by permitting taxpayers to rely on the proposed regulations. The proposed regulations would affect employers, employees and their family members, and plan sponsors.

September 27, 2019: The IRS released a Statistics of Income Bulletin focusing on individual income tax returns. The report contains data on sources of income, adjusted gross income, exemptions, deductions, taxable income, income tax, modified income tax, tax credits, self-employment tax, and tax payments. The report makes classifications by tax status, size of adjusted gross income, marital status, type of tax computation and age.

September 27, 2019: The IRS released its weekly list of written determinations (e.g., Private Letter Rulings, Technical Advice Memorandums and Chief Counsel Advice).

Special thanks to Robbie Alipour in our Chicago office for this week’s roundup.




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