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Weekly IRS Roundup September 9 – September 13, 2024

by , and | Sep 19, 2024 | , ,

Check out our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of September 9, 2024 – September 13, 2024.

September 10, 2024: The IRS extended the deadline to file individual and business tax returns and make tax payments for certain individuals and businesses in Connecticut and New York that were affected by severe weather that began on August 18, 2024. The new deadline is February 3, 2025. The extended deadline is available to taxpayers in any area designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), including individuals and households that reside or have a business in Suffolk County in New York and in Fairfield, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties in Connecticut.

September 11, 2024: The IRS released an updated version of IRS Form 1099-DA and draft instructions for digital asset brokers to report sales and exchanges of digital assets beginning in 2025.

September 11, 2024: The IRS reminded taxpayers of their right to finality under the Taxpayer Bill of Rights and to know the deadlines for challenging IRS decisions and the time limits for the IRS to audit or collect taxes. This right ensures that taxpayers are aware when an audit is concluded and understand the specific timeframes for various tax-related actions.

September 12, 2024: The IRS released Notice 2024-66, which provides relief from the penalty under Internal Revenue Code (Code) § 6655 for underpayments of estimated corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) installments by corporations for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2023, and before January 1, 2025. This notice extends and incorporates relief from previous notices, offering additional time for corporations to meet their estimated tax obligations.

September 12, 2024: The IRS reminded taxpayers that the Taxpayer Advocate Service, an independent organization within the IRS, provides free assistance to individuals, businesses, and exempt organizations experiencing financial difficulties or systemic issues that cannot be resolved through standard IRS procedures.

September 13, 2024: The IRS extended the deadline to file federal individual and business tax returns and make tax payments for certain individuals and businesses in Louisiana that were affected by Tropical Storm Francine. The new deadline is February 3, 2025. The extended deadline is available to taxpayers in any area designated by FEMA, including individuals and households that reside or have a business in any Louisiana county.

September 13, 2024: The IRS released proposed regulations that outline the rules for calculating adjusted financial statement income and determining applicable corporation status under the CAMT for tax years starting after 2022. The proposed regulations provide additional guidance on partnership investments, corporate transactions, and foreign tax credits and extend penalty relief for corporations failing to pay estimated CAMT for tax years beginning after December 31, 2023, and before January 1, 2025.

September 13, 2024: The IRS released proposed regulations that exclude Tribal general welfare benefits from gross income under [...]

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Weekly IRS Roundup July 22 – July 26, 2024

by , and | Jul 31, 2024 | , ,

Check out our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of July 22, 2024 – July 26, 2024.

July 22, 2024: The IRS released Internal Revenue Bulletin 2024-30, which includes the following:

  • Treasury Decision 9999, which sets forth final regulations under § 170 and § 706 of the Internal Revenue Code (Code) that disallow deductions for qualified conservation contributions that exceed 2.5 times a partner’s relevant basis in a partnership. The final regulations include similar rules for S corporations and add additional reporting requirements.
  • Notice 2024-59, which provides the applicable percentage under Code § 613A to be used in determining percentage depletion for marginal properties for the 2024 calendar year.
  • Revenue Procedure 2024-29, which sets the 2024 requirements for using IRS forms and preparing acceptable substitutes of the IRS forms to file information returns with the IRS and to furnish information to recipients.

July 22, 2024: The IRS encouraged taxpayers who requested an extension to file their taxes by October 15, 2024, to use IRS Free File and other online resources to help them file early and avoid last-minute rushes.

July 22, 2024: The IRS updated frequently asked questions relating to the credits available for new and previously owned clean vehicles for individuals and businesses to incorporate eligibility rules, income limitations, transfer rules and dealer registration.

July 22, 2024: The IRS extended the deadline to file federal individual and business tax returns and make tax payments for certain individuals and businesses in Texas that were affected by Hurricane Beryl since July 5, 2024. The new deadline is February 3, 2025. The extended deadline is available to taxpayers in any area designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including individuals and households that reside or have a business in Harris County and 66 other Texas counties.

July 23, 2024: The IRS encouraged tax professionals to identify data theft indicators to safeguard their clients and businesses, stressing the need for quick action in response to identity theft incidents and offering guidelines on detecting warning signs.

July 24, 2024: The IRS released Notice 2024-60, outlining the contents and submission procedures for lifecycle analysis reports on carbon capture property placed in service on or after February 18, 2018. These reports must be approved by the IRS and the US Department of Energy before taxpayers could claim the Carbon Oxide Sequestration Credit under Code § 45Q.

July 24, 2024: The IRS encouraged tax professionals to register for the Nationwide Tax Forum in Baltimore and Dallas this August, noting that several locations have already sold out.

July 25, 2024: The IRS reported substantial advancements in taxpayer services and online tools funded by the Inflation Reduction Act, including new features for Individual Online Accounts and a Spanish version of the Business Tax Account tool.

[...]

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Weekly IRS Roundup June 24 – June 28, 2024

by , and | Jul 2, 2024 | , , ,

Check out our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of June 24, 2024 – June 28, 2024.

June 24, 2024: The IRS released Internal Revenue Bulletin 2024-26, which includes the following:

  • Notice 2024-45, which provides the inflation adjustment factors and applicable amounts for the credit for Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit under § 45V of the Internal Revenue Code (Code) for calendar years 2023 and 2024.
  • Notice 2024-46, which provides that payments made by Norfolk Southern to individuals affected by the 2023 train derailment incident in East Palestine, Ohio, are considered “qualified disaster relief payments” under Code § 139, which should be excluded from gross income if they are not otherwise covered by insurance.
  • Notice 2024-50, which adds polyoxymethylene to the list of “taxable substances” subject to an excise tax under Code § 4672(a). The effective date of this modification for purposes of Code § 4662(e) refund claims is July 1, 2022.
  • Notice 2024-51, which provides the 2023 reference price under Code § 45K(d)(2)(C), applicable in determining the credit amounts provided under Code § 43 and § 45I and that percentage depletion for oil and natural gas produced from marginal properties and oil credits under Code § 613A.

June 25, 2024: The IRS apologized to hedge fund manager Ken Griffith and other taxpayers affected by the tax data leak perpetrated by former IRS contractor Charles Littlejohn.

June 26, 2024: The IRS highlighted challenges it encountered during the 2024 filing season and objectives for the upcoming fiscal year in a semi-annual report to Congress. Among other issues, the IRS identified delays in issuing refunds to identity theft victims, misleading telephone measures that lead to poor resource allocation decisions, and delays in processing Employee Retention Credit claims as key taxpayer challenges.

June 26, 2024: The IRS announced it will mail time-limited settlement offers in July 2024 to eligible taxpayers who participated in Syndicated Conservation Easements and substantially similar transactions that are under audit. The settlement offer will require substantial concession of income tax benefits and the application of penalties.

June 26, 2024: The IRS, through its Electronic Tax Administration Advisory Committee, released its 2024 annual report, which contains a total of 12 recommendations for Congress and the IRS to help improve tax administration.

June 27, 2024: The IRS extended the deadline to file federal individual and business tax returns and make tax payments for certain individuals and businesses in Mississippi that were affected by severe weather since April 8, 2024. The new deadline is November 1, 2024. The extended deadline is available to taxpayers in any area designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), including individuals and households that reside or have a business in Hancock, Hinds, Humphreys, Madison, Neshoba and Scott counties.

June 28, 2024: The [...]

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United States v. Eaton: IRS Summons Power Overrides EU Privacy Laws

by and | May 31, 2024 | , ,

A US federal district court judge recently endorsed the broad investigative powers of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in United States v. Eaton Corp., No. 1:23-mc-00037, May 16, 2024 (N.D. Ohio). During its audit of Eaton’s transfer pricing of a royalty arrangement with Eaton’s Irish affiliate, the IRS sought performance evaluations of certain employees of the affiliate. Eaton declined to provide the evaluations citing relevancy and legal objections based on EU privacy laws. The IRS subsequently served Eaton with an administrative summons seeking the evaluations.

In the ensuing summons enforcement action, Eaton initially prevailed before a magistrate judge on both grounds. However, the IRS persuaded the district court judge to reject the magistrate’s recommendation and enforce the summons.

The district court judge rejected Eaton’s position that a heightened relevancy standard applies when the IRS seeks personal information, such as employee valuations. The judge distinguished between civil discovery disputes where such a standard might apply and summons enforcement disputes, which engage the broad authority of the IRS to seek information that may be relevant to its audit. While the IRS’s case for relevancy could have been stronger, the judge nonetheless found that the IRS had sufficiently supported the connection between potential information in the evaluations and its audit of the royalty arrangement.

The district court judge also ruled that the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) did not bar the IRS’s legitimate exercise of its audit powers. The judge acknowledged that the GDPR generally prohibits the transfer of personal information, such as employee valuations, outside of the EU. However, the judge also found that exceptions to that prohibition applied where the IRS properly requested the information as part of its audit function and the EU Member State (in this case Ireland) had entered into a treaty with the United States that addressed corporate cross-border relationships and sought generally to combat tax evasion by resident entities. Comity concerns did not prevent enforcement of the summons according to the judge.

Practice Point: Given the effort the IRS expended in this case to obtain marginally relevant information, we clearly see the effects of increased audit resources at work and of the IRS’s mandate to target large corporate taxpayers. While there are certainly instances in every audit where a taxpayer should not expend resources just to fight a battle, the difficulty in cases like this is that absent this decision, Eaton likely felt bound to adhere to the GDPR for the sake of the employees working for its Irish affiliate.



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Understanding the IRC’s Excessive Refund Claim Penalty

by , and | May 8, 2024 | , , ,

Recently, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has been asserting the Internal Revenue Code Section 6676 penalty much more frequently in examinations and in court. For example, in 2023, a government counterclaim in the US District Court for the Middle District of Georgia sought to recover Section 6676 penalties in Townley v. United States. And, internal IRS guidance requires examiners to consider whether to assert the penalty in every case in which a refund is disallowed.

In light of these factors, and major questions being raised in high-profile tax cases like Moore v. United States, which is currently pending before the Supreme Court of the United States, taxpayers are wondering whether the penalty can be asserted as a protective refund claim.

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Can the IRS Assert IRC Section 6676’s Erroneous Refund Penalty on Protective Refund Claims?

by , and | Mar 25, 2024 | , ,

We once again want to bring to your attention the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) new favorite penalty provision: Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 6676. We have reported on this provision several times before (See here, here and here), but this time we’re analyzing it in the context of protective refund claims.

As background, IRC Section 6676 was enacted in 2007 in response to the high number of presumed meritless refund claims being filed at the time. It imposes a 20% penalty to the extent that a claim for refund or credit with respect to income tax is made for an “excessive amount.” An “excessive amount” is defined as the difference between the amount of the claim for credit or refund sought and the amount that is actually allowable. For example, if a taxpayer claims a $2 million refund and the IRS allows only $1 million, the taxpayer can still be penalized $200,000 (e.g., 20% of the amount of the refund that was disallowed). Significantly, IRC Section 6676 does not require the IRS to show any fault or culpability on the part of the taxpayer (e.g., negligence or a disregard of rules or regulations). Neither the IRC nor the regulations provide for any defense to the Section 6676 penalty other than “reasonable cause.” Moreover, the penalty is immediately assessable, and generally taxpayers cannot fight the IRS on the penalty in a prepayment forum like it can the US Tax Court. Instead, the taxpayer must first pay the penalty and seek redress in a refund forum in either the relevant US federal district court or the US Court of Federal Claims.

Now that the IRS is asserting the IRC Section 6676 penalty more frequently, taxpayers are asking whether the penalty can apply to a protective refund claim. A protective refund claim is a judicial creation under which a taxpayer files a “protective” refund claim that is expressly contingent on a specified future event, like a taxpayer-friendly holding in a relevant court case. The Supreme Court of the United States has endorsed protective refund claims to toll the statute of limitations on the refund claim and thereby protect the taxpayer’s right to claim the refund if the favorable event should occur. (See, e.g., United States v. Kales, 314 US. 186 (1941), and CCA 201136021 (describing protective claims in detail).)

So, does the IRC Section 6676 penalty apply to a protective refund claim? Based on IRS internal guidance from 2022, the IRS believes that the IRC Section 6676 penalty applies to any filing that constitutes a “claim for credit or refund” of income tax, including a protective refund claim. To apply the penalty, the IRS would have to process the protective refund claim, deny the claim and then assert the IRC Section 6676 penalty.

Processing and denying a protective refund claim go against most tax practitioners’ experience and understanding of how the IRS treats protective refund claims. Typically, the refund claim is [...]

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IRS Announces New Audit Initiative Focused on Jet Airplane Usage

by and | Mar 1, 2024 |

On February 21, 2024, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced a new initiative to audit the use of airplanes by corporations, large partnerships and high-net-worth individuals. While the IRS has always examined plane usage, this new focus aligns with recent IRS messaging that corporations and high-income taxpayers are not paying their “fair share” of tax and have been subject to “historically low audit rates.” The IRS will use some of its Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 funding to step up its enforcement efforts in this area.

Indeed, the IRS has been keeping score and publicly sharing their successes in collecting tax from millionaire taxpayers. We have also previously reported on the IRS’s strengthened enforcement plans thanks to its newfound funding.

The IRS’s airplane usage audit initiative will focus on allocations between business and personal use, which highlights several potential tax issues, including:

  • Limitations on deductions per Internal Revenue Code Section 274
  • Limitations on deprecation and recapture under Internal Revenue Code Section 280F
  • Whether the value of a flight is income to the passenger and/or guests (See Reg. §1.61-21).

Practice Point: If you have an airplane and claimed tax deductions for its use and ownership, you should prepare for an IRS examination. What can you do now? First and foremost, you should maintain meticulous records that fully substantiate the business use of the plane. For example, adding more detail about what the plane was used for, how it was used, and tying its use to a business purpose will be key to winning over an IRS auditor. Second, make sure the maintenance and flight log records are up to date and correct. Also, although not directly related to the recently announced IRS’s audit initiative, do not forget to ensure compliance with Federal Aviation Administration regulations and sales tax, use tax, and federal excise tax considerations, particularly if you decide to reorganize the ownership or organizational structure of an entity that owns an aircraft.



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Weekly IRS Roundup February 19 – February 23, 2024

by , and | Feb 29, 2024 | , , ,

Check out our summary of significant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidance and relevant tax matters for the week of February 19, 2024 – February 23, 2024.

February 20, 2024: The IRS published Announcement 2024-12, which revokes tax-exempt status for the Chicago Cannabis Alliance and Keeping My Kids Inc.

February 20, 2024: The IRS reminded farmers and fishers who chose to forgo making estimated tax payments by January that they must generally file their 2023 federal income tax return and pay all taxes by March 1, 2024, to avoid estimated tax penalties.

February 20, 2024: The IRS reminded businesses to review their Employee Retention Credit eligibility because there’s limited time to voluntarily resolve incorrect claims and avoid issues, such as penalties and interest.

February 21, 2024: The IRS announced plans to begin dozens of audits on business aircraft involving personal use, focusing specifically on aircraft usage by large corporations, large partnerships and high-income taxpayers.

February 21, 2024: The IRS announced that interest rates for overpayments and underpayments will remain the same for the calendar quarter beginning April 1, 2024. Interest rates are provided in Revenue Ruling 2024-6.

February 21, 2024: The IRS reminded military personnel that they have several options to file their federal tax returns for free, including the US Department of Defense’s MilTax and the IRS Free File program.

February 21, 2024: The IRS announced the beginning of its 2024 Tax Time Guide series, which provides new and updated resources to help taxpayers file an accurate tax return.

February 22, 2024: The IRS warned tax professionals about a recurring scheme in which scammers pose as tax software providers and email tax professionals with requests to provide Electronic Filing Identification Number information via fax.

February 22, 2024: The IRS announced that applications for the 2025 Taxpayer Advocacy Panel (TAP) are now being accepted to fill vacancies in 29 states and territories. TAP submits recommendations to the IRS to help improve satisfaction with IRS services, products and procedures.

February 23, 2024: The IRS announced that the replacement of lead service lines under various governmental programs do not result in income to the residential property owners under Internal Revenue Code § 61.

February 23, 2024: The IRS issued frequently asked questions related to the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Discrimination Financial Assistance Program, which provides financial assistance to farmers, ranchers and forest landowners who experienced discrimination by the USDA in farm lending prior to 2021.

February 23, 2024: The IRS released its weekly list of written determinations (e.g., Private Letter Rulings, Technical Advice Memorandums and Chief Counsel Advice).



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IRS Announces New Compliance Initiatives to Collect More Corporate Tax Using Inflation Reduction Act Funds

by , and | Oct 24, 2023 | ,

On October 20, 2023, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced new initiatives “to ensure large corporations pay taxes owed.” These initiatives leverage the substantial additional congressional funding that was given to the IRS thanks to the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA). (We previously reported on how IRS enforcement is impacted by IRA funding here.) The announcement explains:

The IRS is working to ensure large corporate and high-income individual filers pay the taxes they owe. Prior to the Inflation Reduction Act, more than a decade of budget cuts prevented the IRS from keeping pace with the increasingly complicated set of tools that the wealthiest taxpayers use to hide their income and evade paying their share. The IRS is now taking swift and aggressive action to close this gap.

The announcement also outlines three new initiatives aimed at collecting tax revenue from large corporations:

1. The large foreign-owned corporations transfer pricing initiative. The IRS will focus its attention on US subsidiaries of foreign companies that distribute goods in the United States. Based on data likely received through the now retired Inbound Distributor Campaign, the IRS believes that some of these foreign companies “report losses or exceedingly low margins year after year through the improper use of transfer pricing to avoid reporting an appropriate amount of U.S. profits.” To jump start its initiative, the IRS will be notifying 150 subsidiaries of large foreign corporations “to reiterate their U.S. tax obligations and incentivize self-correction.” These “soft letters” can be a prelude to an audit.

2. The IRS will expand its Large Corporate Compliance (LCC) program. We previously reported on the LCC program, which focuses on noncompliance by using data analytics to identify large corporate taxpayers for audit. With an increased number of staff as a result of IRA funding, the IRS will commence examination of an additional 60 corporations that were selected using a combination of artificial intelligence and subject matter expertise. Key selection metrics will include factors from the various active compliance campaigns.

3. Cracking down on the abuse of former Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 199 domestic production activity deduction. The IRS has been battling taxpayers’ IRC Section 199 deductions since its promulgation. We have reported extensively on this topic over the years. The battle between the IRS and taxpayers has heated up in the wake of the repeal of IRC Section 199, which precipitated taxpayers filing billions of dollars of refund claims. The recent $1.8 billion taxpayer loss in Bats Global Market Holdings, Inc., No. 22-9002 (10th Cir. July 12, 2023), aff’g 158 T.C. No. 5 (2022), has clearly emboldened the IRS to intensify its existing Section 199 audit campaign to address noncompliance and review high-risk claims.

In the announcement, the IRS also reported that it has been pursuing high income, high-wealth individuals who have either not filed their taxes or failed to pay recognized tax debt. The IRS is focused on taxpayers with more [...]

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IRS Strengthens Its Large Partnership Audit Teams

by | Sep 26, 2023 | ,

Back in October 2021, the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) Large Business and International (LB&I) division announced the Large Partnership Compliance (LPC) program. This new audit program adopted features of the Large Corporate Compliance (LCC) program, such as its audit selection method. Similar to the LCC’s audit selection process, the LPC’s audit selection process has two general steps. The first step subjects large partnership returns to a basic automated review of certain key threshold criteria (e.g., gross assets and gross receipts). The second step further refines the pool through data analytics and artificial intelligence tools, which have been recently enhanced by enforcement funds from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. LB&I personnel, specifically those in the Pass-Through Entity office, review the preliminary audit pool and make the final call for selection.

Accompanying LPC technological improvements in the audit selection process, the LB&I announced a new pass-through entity work unit: “The new work unit will be housed in the IRS Large Business and International (LB&I) division” and “will leverage Inflation Reduction Act funding to disrupt efforts by certain large partnerships to use pass-throughs to intentionally shield income to avoid paying the taxes they owe.” (See IR-2023-176 (September 20, 2023).) New hires in this unit will focus on those with financial services experience. (See IR-2023-172 (September 15, 2023) (reporting plans to hire 3,700 agents “well versed in the financial services industry”).) This announcement came on the heels of an earlier announcement that by the end of September 2023, the LPC will begin audits of 75 of the largest US partnerships, including hedge funds, real estate investment partnerships and publicly traded partnerships. (See IR-2023-166 (September 8, 2023).)

Practice Point: Because of the significant resources devoted to the LPC program, these audits promise to be thorough and will be conducted by an LB&I exam team primed to find substantial audit adjustments. To successfully navigate these audits, partnerships should work to ensure that the IRS examination team sticks to the timeline, respond timely to all reasonable requests for information, and be prepared to assert all applicable privileges, such as the attorney-client privilege, Internal Revenue Code Section 7525 privilege, and work product where appropriate. We anticipate that aggressive IRS examination teams will try to obtain this information over a partnership’s initial objections on these grounds. It’s never too late to prepare for an IRS examination, and if you are a large partnership, it’s in your best interest to consult with your tax team now!



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